• When women reach the menopause they

  2020-02-21

  

  When women reach the menopause they experience a number of physical complaints such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness and mood changes [1]. Bone loss also becomes manifest at this time [1], [2], but women will often not suffer from back pain before a vertebral fracture occurs. Women who have had one f

• The ERR gene lacks the typical TATA and CAAT

  2020-02-21

  

  The ERRα gene lacks the typical TATA and CAAT boxes, but has multiple consensus Sp1 binding elements in the GC-rich promoter (Shi et al., 1997). Previously, our laboratory has shown that ERRα expression is upregulated in the mouse uterus by estrogen (Shigeta et al., 1997) and recently we identified

• Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as

  2020-02-21

  

  Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a positive regulator of myocyte hypertrophy [8], [9]. Concomitantly, Epac has been shown to regulate cardiac Ca homeostasis [8], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Ca is an essential second messenger in the cardiac physiology because its rhythmic variations

• Recent reports revealed that CSE affects the endothelial

  2020-02-21

  

  Recent reports revealed that CSE affects the endothelial cells of various tissues like kidney, liver, heart including KU-0060648 [26,30]. The damage of brain endothelial cells enhances the progress of cognitive dysfunction due to the accumulation of toxic free bio-radicals and activation of inflamm

• To further determine the cell death the cells in flasks

  2020-02-21

  

  To further determine the cell death, the JC-1 mg in flasks were harvested after OGD or LTD4 treatment, washed twice with PBS, and evaluated with Annexin V (AV)-FITC apoptosis detection kit I (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, USA) on a flow cytometer (FACSCalibur, Becton–Dickinson, USA). Briefly, 106 cell

• Eukaryotic cell cycle machinery is thought to appropriately

  2020-02-21

  

  Eukaryotic cell cycle machinery is thought to appropriately modulate cell proliferation and cell expansion in various developmental stages and environmental conditions. The core feature of cell-cycle control is the fluctuation of CDK activity, which is regulated by three interactive and conserved me

• Previous studies reported that NE and MHPG are deeply

  2020-02-21

  

  Previous studies reported that NE and MHPG are deeply involved in depression and that NE reuptake inhibitors are approved for use in patients with depression (for review, see [2]). We found increased hippocampal content of NE and MHPG in the CORT-treated CRTH2−/− mice (Fig. 3). In the hippocampus, a

• While several C terminal peptides have

  2020-02-21

  

  While several C-terminal peptides have been reported to have modest (astressin) or substantial (astressin2-B, antisauvagine-30) subtype selectivity for the CRF2 receptor (), [125I]YP20 is the first reported small analog of the C-terminus of CRF exhibiting subtype selectivity for the CRF1 receptor vs

• br Structure of USP Schematic representation of the

  2020-02-20

  

  Structure of USP7 Schematic representation of the USP7 domain architecture is shown in Fig. 3B. USP7 is a 135 kDa protein that consists of seven domains, including the N-terminal TRAF-like (Tumor necrosis factor Receptor–Associated Factor) domain, followed by the catalytic core domain and the fiv

• How does an increase in E affinity

  2020-02-20

  

  How does an increase in E2 affinity for the RING domain favor higher activity and polyubiquitination by the E2? Binding of the RING domain to the E2 positions the donor Ub in the E2~Ub conjugate in a closed complex [16], [17], [18] that increases the reactivity of the thioester [60]. A higher affini

• We found that the postnatal absence of norepinephrine yields

  2020-02-20

  

  We found that the postnatal absence of norepinephrine yields differing effects depending on noradrenergic receptor type and TNF-alpha, recombinant murine protein region. The density of α1-AR, indicated by [3H]prazosin binding was similar between Dbh+/− and Dbh−/− mice except for a significant increa

• br Roles of TLS polymerases outside DNA

  2020-02-20

  

  Roles of TLS polymerases outside DNA damage tolerance Preparing the ground for more DNA damage: adaptive responses through gene induction Conclusions and perspectives Although known for many decades, the relevance of TLS in genome stability is normally considered secondary to mechanisms tha

• Compound was advanced to a chronic

  2020-02-20

  

  Compound 52 was advanced to a chronic efficacy study in db/db mice maintained on a high fat diet. Animals were dosed with 0.5% methylcellulose vehicle, L-a-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt 52 (1, 3 or 15mg/kg, po, Q.D.) or 1 (0.3mg/kg) for 14days. Over the course of the study body weight and food

• Although several genomic technologies including the

  2020-02-20

  

  Although several genomic technologies, including the generation of ERRγ-specific knockout mice, have revealed that ERRγ plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics [1], its involvement in other metabolic pathways has been appreciated only recently. Therefore, we highlight recent findings on the r

• Probucol Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in

  2020-02-20

  

  Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and is refractory to currently available analgesic drugs (Abbott et al., 2011). This painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG; a reactive glucose metabolite) an

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