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br There are three types of
2024-12-25

There are three types of 5-HT2 receptors. 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors Exhibit 46–50% overall sequence identity and couple preferentially to Gq/11 to increase inositol phosphates and cytosolic [Ca2+] and in agreement with their long known role in muscle contraction and stimulation in the br
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Oxaliplatin Regarding A Rs and A ARs basal conditions genera
2024-12-25

Regarding A1Rs and A2ARs, basal conditions generate a low tone of endogenous adenosine and cause A1R activation, in contrast to situations of increased adenosine where A2AR activation becomes dominant. When adenosine concentrations rise, e.g. during hypoxia, also time appears likely important in reg
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The knowledge on the structure of
2024-12-25

The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig
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For both the hydroxylation and lyase reactions the heme iron
2024-12-25

For both, the 17α-hydroxylation and 17, 20-lyase reactions, the heme iron center of P450 17A1 receives electron reducing equivalents from CPR. Both reactions require one pair of electrons and molecular oxygen for the conversion of the substrate into product in each catalytic cycle. However, the 17,2
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Roles of Aurora kinases in directly
2024-12-25

Roles of Aurora kinases in directly activating multiple oncogenic pathways and promoting proliferation as well as transformation have also been demonstrated. Aurora-A has been shown to up-regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA through c-myc [26]. The kinase was also implicated in activating
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Inactivation of the proton pump comes with luminal
2024-12-25

Inactivation of the proton pump comes with luminal alkalinization of the targeted vesicles such as lysosomes (Fig. 2b). Lysosome pH can also be raised stoichiometrically by addition of a membrane-permeable weak Ki8751 such as methylamine or chloroquine which accumulates in its protonated, non-membr
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Previous studies have demonstrated ATR inhibition
2024-12-24

Previous studies have demonstrated ATR inhibition is effective for treating cancers combining with chemotherapies in lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, HER2 positive breast cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia Nitric oxide donor to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity [[16], [17], [18],[20], [21],
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br Introduction Throughout early prophase
2024-12-24

Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
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Furthermore we also found that the
2024-12-24

Furthermore, we also found that the basic level of ROS was markedly lower in mtDNA-reduced SW480 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine than that in the parent cells. Endogenous ROS is most notably produced at the sites of complex I and complex III [5], it might be plausible that the decreased quantity of ROS obse
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citrinin Because antioxidants have a strong radical
2024-12-24

Because antioxidants have a strong radical scavenging efficiency, a mixture of H2O2 and antioxidants should exhibit a much weaker depolymerization process than H2O2 alone. Therefore, we expected the redox behavior of silver could be affected by the presence of the antioxidant. The schematic diagram
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Cellular detoxification is an important process that helps
2024-12-24

Cellular detoxification is an important process that helps remove excess oxidants from the cellular environment through endogenous antioxidants or other molecules capable of reduction. One of the key regulators of antioxidant production is the transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived
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Negative regulation of AR expression by NF B was
2024-12-24

Negative regulation of AR expression by NFκB was also correlated with the ‘age-dependent desensitisation’ of androgen action in the rat liver (Supakar et al., 1995). In this case the binding site was mapped upstream of the gene to sequences −555 to −565 bp, that binds heterodimers of p65 and p50, as
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Some of the earliest LOX inhibitors were redox inhibitors in
2024-12-24

Some of the earliest 12-LOX inhibitors were redox inhibitors, including nordihydroguaiaretic Luminol-based detection reagent (NDGA), BW 755C, and baicalein 48, 49, 50. Redox inhibitors block the oxidation of the nonheme iron at the cataylytic site, preventing its conversion from the inactive (Fe2+)
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GSK503 For the first series we decided
2024-12-24

For the first series we decided to verify the effects induced, on the ALR2 inhibitory properties, of an additional steric hindrance on the carbon in α position with respect to the carboxylic group, by introducing a methyl group (R2=Me). Therefore, we synthesized a series of new α-alanine derivatives
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2024-12-24

Materials and methods Results Discussion Wound healing of the human cornea is a complex process that requires cell migration and proliferation. Corneal wound healing is characterized by major changes in the composition of the ECM such as a massive transitory secretion of fibronectin combine
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