• br Author contribution br Acknowledgement br Introduction Si

  2023-08-17

  

  Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of

• Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health th

  2023-08-16

  

  Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health threat worldwide that has been associated with incorrect prescription and overuse of Proteinase K [1]. Considering that physicians play a central role in antibiotic usage, a better understanding of their prescribing behaviours and their kno

• Hyperactivity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal HPA axis

  2023-08-16

  

  Hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is well described in MDD (Pariante and Lightman, 2008, Marques et al., 2009), is also observed in AD and results in increased glucocorticoid (GC, cortisol in primates) levels in blood and CSF (Davis et al., 1986, Martignoni et al.

• Due to its unique histological

  2023-08-16

  

  Due to its unique histological architecture and blood supply, the lung is one of the most susceptible organs under uncontrolled systemic inflammatory circumstance [16]. Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory benefits of metformin in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),

• The control group participants of the current study were ver

  2023-08-16

  

  The control group participants of the current study were very similar in age to those of Puertas et al. There was no significant correlation between age and enzyme activity over the short age span studied although age-related changes in the activity of ApA and aspartyl aminopeptidase, typically incr

• Most of the modifications in the sympathetic nervous system

  2023-08-16

  

  Most of the modifications in the sympathetic nervous system occurring with aging, including decreased βAR responsiveness, increased circulating catecholamines, and overall hyposensitivity to adrenergic stress, are also observed in patients with failing hearts. Moreover, young people are more reactiv

• In brief serotonin can interact with classes of

  2023-08-16

  

  In brief, serotonin can interact with 7 classes of receptors are differentiated into 14 subtypes (Barnes and Sharp, 1999). Specifically, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors have been the most widely studied in the modulation of anxiety responses (Deakin et al., 1992; Millan, 2003). However, the studies that

• By promoting bundling and processive elongation of actin fil

  2023-08-16

  

  By promoting bundling and processive elongation of calcium sensing receptor filaments and inhibiting association of capping protein with filament barbed ends, Ena/VASP family proteins contribute to the dynamics of lamellipodia and filopodia [41] and maintenance of focal adhesions and tight junction

• While the yeasts and see Glossary each contain only one

  2023-08-16

  

  While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In an

• There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and

  2023-08-15

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the ha141 synthesis include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38].

• Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with

  2023-08-15

  

  Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with colonic microflora. Phenolic compounds are able to improve colonic health and modulate microbiota diversity with prebiotic and antimicrobial functions, while colonic bacterial enzymes catalyze deconjugation, dehydroxylation, and convert phenolic c

• The protein kinase CK mediated

  2023-08-15

  

  The protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation of HMGN1 was implicated to be involved in age-associated amnesia in rats [31]. It was shown that the decreased level of HMGN1 phosphorylation due to the down-regulation of CK2 activity could cause amnesia in aged rats, whereas the treatment with protei

• br Conclusion These studies broadly

  2023-08-15

  

  Conclusion These studies broadly demonstrate that dopamine and endocannabinoid signaling in the NAc can have diverse effects on AMPAR-mediated synaptic function depending on previous psychostimulant experience. Here, we examined mechanisms underlying the depotentiation of AMPAR-mediated synaptic

• br Comparison to IWG In addition

  2023-08-15

  

  Comparison to IWG In addition to the NIA AA, the other group that has established diagnostic guidelines for AD that incorporate biomarkers is the IWG [64,74,75]. In the most recent formal IWG document, published in 2014 [75], the diagnosis of AD required the presence of cognitive symptoms plus an

• There are two ways to transport

  2023-08-15

  

  There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty PBIT receptor transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsib

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